In comparison with fossil fuels, and as other renewable energies, photovoltaic solar energy is an endless source of energy. It contributes to the self-supply of energy and it is less harmful for the environment, avoids the effects of their direct use (atmospheric contamination, waste, etc) and those that come from their generation (diggings, mines, quarries, etc.,).

The effect of the photovoltaic energy on the main environmental factors are the following:

• Climate: generation of solar energy directly from the sunlight does not require any type of fuel and therefore, it does not produce thermal pollution or CO2 emissions to favour the greenhouse.

• Geology: the photovoltaic cells are made of silicon, an element obtained from sand and which is abundant in Nature and no significant amounts of it are needed. In consequence, no alterations in the lithological, topographic or structural characteristics of the terrain are produced.

• Ground: as there are not contaminant or produces waste or land movements, the incidence on the physical and chemical characteristics of the ground and erosion are null.

• Subterranean and surface water: there are no alterations of the aquifers or in the surface water, neither due to waste contamination or to dumping.

• Flora and fauna: the repercussion on vegetation is inexistent and, as there are no electrical lines, the possible adverse effects for the birds are avoided.

• Landscape: solar panels offer different integration possibilities, a thing which makes them easy to integrate and harmonize within various types of structures minimizing their visual impact.

• Noises: the photovoltaic system is absolutely silent, which represents a clear advantage as opposed to air generators.

• Social environment: The necessary ground to install a medium size photovoltaic system does not represent a significant amount as to produce a strong impact. Besides, they can be integrated to the roofs of homes in most cases.

On the other hand, photovoltaic solar energy represents the best solution for those places in need of electric energy but whose environment conditions are to be preserved, as in the case of Protected Natural Spaces.